CUSHING SYNDROME

Cushing syndrome is a condition characterized by an excess of the hormone cortisol, which is essential for maintaining blood pressure, regulating blood sugar, making memories, managing respiration, balancing salt, and converting food into energy. The adrenal glands, pituitary gland, and hypothalamus control cortisol levels. Cushing syndrome is caused by either internal (cortisol produced by the body) or external (side effects of certain medications). Women are more prone to the condition than men. Symptoms include rapid weight gain, hypertension, excessive hair growth, diabetes, purple stretch marks, and fatigue. Diagnosis is challenging and may be mistaken for polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) or metabolic syndrome. Tests for Cushing syndrome include 24-hour urinary cortisol tests, midnight salivary tests, low dose dexamethasone suppression tests, blood tests, and high dose dexamethasone suppression tests. Treatment options include chemotherapy, medications, radiation, and surgery. Prevention is possible through regular monitoring of cortisol levels, but tumor-induced Cushing syndrome cannot be prevented.





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